Cybercriminals send deceptive emails containing malicious links or attachments, tricking recipients into clicking on them. This can lead to malware infection or credential theft.

Malicious software, such as viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware, can spread through infected files, downloads, or compromised websites.

Vulnerability Exploitation: Cyber attackers target known weaknesses or security flaws

Visiting compromised or malicious websites can trigger automatic downloads of malware without user consent or awareness.

Cybercriminals manipulate human psychology to deceive users into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or confidential data.

Infected files can spread when shared over networks or transferred via USB drives or other removable media.

Malicious or careless employees or trusted individuals with access to systems can inadvertently or intentionally propagate threats.

Vulnerable or outdated software can be exploited to deliver malware, compromise systems, or facilitate unauthorized access.

Attackers target third-party vendors or suppliers to gain access to their customers' networks, leveraging trust relationships.

Threat actors may exploit undisclosed vulnerabilities (zero-days) before security patches are available, making detection and prevention challenging.